This course contributes to the student's professional development by guiding them through the history of philosophy in Greece and Rome from a dual perspective: understanding the fundamental questions and how best to pose them, and exploring the attempts at answers?always shaped by their historical context?and discerning what we have inherited from that past that continues to shape us. It supports the student?s intellectual formation through the methodical practice of reflection and critical inquiry into the problems of human existence. It is important to note that a significant portion of the essential concepts of our culture were forged in classical antiquity. By seeking to understand their origins, this course serves as an essential introduction to the practice of philosophy in general and provides a solid foundation for engaging with many of today?s major questions.
UNIT 1: Beginnings of Greek Thought. Presocratics, Sophists, and Socrates
? Topic 1.1. Wonder and philosophy. The Greeks and Western culture. A global overview of Homer, Hesiod, and the religious diversity of Archaic Greece.
? Topic 1.2. The questions of the first philosophers
? Topic 1.3. Pythagorean thought and its legacy to culture
? Topic 1.4. Heraclitus of Ephesus
? Topic 1.5. Parmenides and the post-Parmenidean systems
? Topic 1.6. The Sophists: the thirst for culture
? Topic 1.7. Socrates: the invitation to interiority
UNIT 2: Plato and the Horizon of Metaphysics
? Topic 2.1. The philosopher in his context
? Topic 2.2. Meno
? Topic 2.3. Being and knowledge
? Topic 2.4. The Symposium
UNIT 3: Plato: The Human Being and Society
? Topic 3.1. Conception of the human being. Phaedo
? Topic 3.2. The cosmology of the Timaeus
? Topic 3.3. The ideal state and its historical forms. The Republic
UNIT 4: Aristotle and the First Systematization of Knowledge
? Topic 4.1. Aristotle in his context
? Topic 4.2. Theory of science
? Topic 4.3. First philosophy
? Topic 4.4. Physics as the philosophy of natural being
? Topic 4.5. God
UNIT 5: Aristotle: The Human Being and Society
? Topic 5.1. Psychology
? Topic 5.2. Practical life: ethics and politics
UNIT 6: Hellenistic Philosophy
? Topic 6.1. The state of philosophy after the death of Aristotle
? Topic 6.2. Epicureanism
? Topic 6.3. The Roman version of Hellenistic philosophy: Stoicism and Seneca
? Topic 6.4. The confluence of biblical thought and Hellenism
? Topic 6.5. Neoplatonism: Plotinus and the end of ancient philosophy
For the development of the course, the following strategies will be employed:
? Lecture-based method: Presentation of theoretical content through in-person classes and materials available on the online platform.
? Text and document analysis: Individual reading of the materials that cover the main content of the course.
? Individual preparation and group discussion, in group sessions (in-person or virtual).
? Oral presentation method: Student-led presentations and oral expositions.
? Written presentation method: Student responses and submission of thematic unit questionnaires.
? Final portfolio: Final submission of all completed questionnaires.
To be evaluated in the ordinary examination period, all activities subject to evaluation must have been completed. The evaluable activities must be submitted on the dates indicated by the professor. If, for any duly justified reason communicated to the professor, the activities could not be submitted within the established period, they may be submitted before the date of the course exam so that the professor can grade them, although in this case the professor is not obliged to provide feedback on those activities to the student.
On the other hand, the student has the right to take the final written exam even if they have not submitted all other evaluable activities, but the final grade for the course will only be calculated if all activities have been submitted, according to the evaluation criteria and weighting established in this teaching guide. If any evaluable activity has not been submitted or completed, it will be recorded in the official record as ?Not presented? for that exam period.
EXTRAORDINARY EXAMINATION PERIOD (IN-PERSON / REMOTE):
The evaluation criteria are the same as in the ordinary examination period, so all evaluation activities planned throughout the course must be submitted. Grades for activities already completed (including the final written exam) will be retained while awaiting completion of pending activities. The same weighting criteria applied in the ordinary evaluation will be used. This measure will only apply during the current academic year; if the extraordinary examination is not passed, renewing enrollment will imply retaking the entire course.
ABOUT THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS:
Limitation and/or prohibition of AI tools: The use of AI is prohibited in this course/activity. Therefore, the use of these tools by students will be considered fraud and will result in the application of the existing regulations for such infractions.
Attendance and participation: 15%
Written exercices in the classroom: 20%
Partial test: 25%
Final test: 40%
Abbagnano, Nicola, Historia de la filosofía (traducción de Juan Estelrich y J. Pérez Ballester), vol. I, Barcelona, Hora, 1985.
Geymonat, Ludovico, Historia de la filosofía y de la ciencia. 1. Antigüedad y Edad media (traducción de Joaquim Sempere), Barcelona, Crítica, 1985.
Hadot, Pierre, ¿Qué es la filosofía antigua?, Méjico, Fondo de cultura económica, 1998.
Hartnack, Justus, History of Philosophy, Odense, Odense University Press, New York, Humanities Press, 1973 (ed. española Breve historia de la filosofía, traducción de José Antonio Lorente, Madrid, Cátedra, 1996).
Reale, Giovanni - Antiseri, Dario, Historia del pensamiento filosófico y científico (traducción de Juan Andrés Iglesias), vol. I, Barcelona, Herder, 1991
Severino, Emanuele, La filosofía antigua (traducción de Juana Bignozzi), Barcelona, Ariel, 1986.
Diels, Hermann - Kranz, Walther, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, Hildesheim, Georg Olms Verlag, 1951-1952 (reimpr. 2004-2005). Kirk, Geoffrey Stephen ? Raven, John Earle - Schofield, Malcolm, Los filósofos presocráticos, Madrid, Gredos, 2008
Boisacq, Émile, Dictionaire étymologique de la langue greque, Heidelberg - París, Carl Winter - Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1916. Graves, Robert, Los mitos griegos, Madrid, Alianza, 1995, 2 vols.
Pokorny, Julius, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, I-III, Tubinga- Berna-Munich, Francke, 1957/1969 (1a ed.), 2005 (5a ed.). Nauck, August (ed.), Tragicorum graecorum fragmenta, Lipsia, Teubner, 18892.
Reale, Giovanni, Platón. En búsqueda de la sabiduría secreta (traducción de Roberto Heraldo Bernet), Barcelona, Herder, 2014
Real, Giovanni, Introducción a Aristóteles (traducción de Víctor Bazterrica), Barcelona, Herder, 2003.