Pathophysiology is a fundamental subject to understand the different clinical aspects of the most prevalent diseases, acute and chronic, from a global vision of human pathology. The different pathologies are studied in order of the different physiological systems of the human anatomy: digestive, neurological, cardiovascular, hematological, respiratory, endocrine, renal and urinary, and finally, a special section is dedicated to infectious pathologies.
Titular Professors
It is recommended to have prior knowledge of physiology.
The objectives of the subject are:
1- To provide students with knowledge about the main pathophysiological processes and mechanisms involved in the most common diseases, the risk factors and clinical manifestations associated with them, as well as the diagnostic tests used in clinical practice.
2- To develop knowledge and use the scientific-technical lexicon of the pathophysiological disorders studied.
1. Introduction
1. Concepts of health and disease. Risk factors. Prevention of disease.
2. Epidemiology. Incidence and prevalence. Morbidity and mortality.
2. Pathophysiology of the digestive system:
1. Introduction: Digestive semiology. Complementary examinations of the digestive system.
2. Alterations of motility.
3. Alterations of secretions.
4. Alterations of digestion and absorption.
5. Icteric syndrome, liver failure
6. Tumors
3. Pathophysiology of the nervous system
1. Semiology
2. Cerebrovascular diseases
3. Headaches
4. Convulsive diseases
5. Motor disorders
6. Degenerative diseases
7. Infectious diseases
8. Tumors
4. Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system
1. Circulatory failure
2. Rhythm disorders
3. Valvular diseases
4. Circulatory failure of the extremities
5. High blood pressure
5. Hematological pathophysiology:
1. Anemic syndrome
2. Leukemic syndrome
3. Hemostasis disorders
6. Pathophysiology of the respiratory system
1. Semiology
2. Obstructive and restrictive respiratory failure
3. Pulmonary circulation disorders
4. Pleural syndromes
5. Pulmonary neoplasms.
6. Respiratory infections: pneumonia and tuberculosis
7. Pathophysiology of the endocrine system
1. Alterations of the thyroid gland
2. Parathyroid alterations, calcium and phosphorus metabolism
3. Adrenal gland alterations
4. Obesity
5. Diabetes
8. Pathophysiology of the urinary system
1. Semiology
2. Renal pathology syndromes: nephrotic, acute and chronic kidney injury
9. Physiopathology of the muscular and osteoarticular system
1. Muscle physiopathology
2. Bone physiopathology
3. Joint pathophysiology
10. Pathophysiology of infectious diseases
The classes of the subject of Pathophysiology want to enhance the active learning of students through their involvement in the learning process. In this sense, from the first day the student is an active member of the sessions and learns as he or she develops the tasks that are presented, taking the initiative in studying and reading the documents that are proposed. Scientific bibliography (articles) are an essential element to successfully achieve the learning results of this subject. The theoretical sessions of the subject are combined with the resolution of exercises, workshops and evaluation activities. The student is required to dedicate between 40 and 50 hours of personal study to the subject. The student will consolidate the knowledge acquired in the sessions by carrying out some individual workshops. When carrying out these practices, the concepts worked on in the theoretical sessions are reviewed and reading the recommended articles is essential. At the same time, the student can follow the Continuous Assessment of the subject, consisting of carrying out an exercise or control after each block, in which the concepts that make up that block are reviewed.
Students will be assessed through a continuous and global evaluation of knowledge and competencies, including individual midterm exams, practical assignments and submissions, progress quizzes, laboratory work, and class participation, requiring a minimum grade in the written exams in order to integrate the remaining assessment components and pass the course.
The following will be assessed:
- Accuracy in recognizing and naming anatomical structures in models, images, or diagrams.
- The ability to correctly differentiate elements belonging to different body systems.
- The correct classification of structures according to their biological level (cell-tissue-organ-system).
- The ability to relate each level to its function and integration within the human body.
- A clear understanding of the main function of each anatomical system studied.
- The ability to connect anatomical structures with their essential physiological function.
- The ability to explain how systems interact to maintain homeostasis.
- The ability to identify functional dependencies between systems (e.g., musculoskeletal, nervous-endocrine).
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Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison. Principios de medicina interna. 20a ed. Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana; 2018.
Rozman C, editor. Farreras Rozman. Medicina interna. 19a ed. Barcelona: Elsevier; 2020.