This course is for students on their second year of Technical Architecture. Future technical architects need to have a realistic vision of the professional activity of the person in charge of carrying out a project.
Students who complete our course on topography and Re-planning acquire the knowledge and develop the skills listed below:
1. To have a knowledge of the elevation and development of the topographic map in professional practice.
2. To use the latest tools and techniques for the RE-PLANNING OF WORKS:
- Subject 1. Introduction to Topography.
-Definition of topography and surveying. Relations with other sciences.
-Definition of surveying, speedometers.
-Geographic elements, geographical co-ordinates.
-Scales, Concept of visual perception limit.
-Natural distance, reduced and unevenness.
-Level surface, height above sea level, height and unevenness.
-Errors provoked by curved land.
- Subject 2. Topographical tools. (transparences)
Simple tools:
-Instruments to determine straight and flat horizontal and vertical lines.
-Instruments to display points.
-Instruments to show direction.
-Instruments to show longitudes.
Compound tools
-Tachymeter.
-Balance.
Electronic topographic tools.
-Distance-marker.
-Total station
- Subject 3. Measurement of distance and angles.
-DIRECT measurement of distance.
-Tolerances in direct distance measurements.
-Metallic tape.
-Systematic and accidental errors.
-Arithmetic average.
-INDIRECT measurement of distances.
-Basis of the stay.
-Grids.
-Tolerance.
-Units used in topography.
- Subject 4. Surveying and surveying methods
-Topographical determination of point of study.
-Polar co-ordinates.
-Cartesian co-ordinates.
-Lineal bipolar co-ordinates.
-Angular bipolar co-ordinates.
-Methods of route, ratio and intersection.
-In-depth study of methods.
-Field of application
-Advantages and disadvantages.
- Subject 5. Altimeter.
-Simple geometric levelling. Origin of half-point method.
-Compound geometrical levelling.
-Radial and longitudinal levelling.
Application field and plans which they generate: profiles and longitudes of surveyed maps.
-Trigonometric levelling. Need to provide routes and radiations.
-Slope of the land. Level curves.
- Subject 6. Profiles and the determination of the volume of land.
The longitudinal profile.
-Types, what are they made up of, their scale.
-How we obtain the longitudinal profile.
The transversal profiles.
-How they are made.
-What information they provide and how we obtain it.
The determination of volume of land.
-Different methods. Advantages and disadvantages.
- Subject 7. Areas and estates.
-Concept of land area.
-Determination of area by direct measurement
-Triangular decomposition method.
-Cartesian co-ordinates method.
-Polar co-ordinate method.
-Determination of areas on map.
-Decomposition in simple figures.
-Determination of curved contours. Bezout, Simpson and Poncelet methods.
- Subject 8. Re-planning of straight alignments.
-Layout of alignments between points.
-Intersection of alignments.
-Extension of alignments beyond an obstacle.
-Layout of perpendiculars.
- Subject 9. Re-planning of curves.
-Elements with circular curvature.
-Re-planning methods on circular curvature.
- Subject 10. Building re-planning.
-Re-planning of a building on its site or plot.
-Re-planning basis: selection and calculation.
-Re-planning of building features.
-Geometrical control.
- Subject 11. Slopes.
-Plan, layout and slope of a project.
-Slope agreements.
-Vertical curve agreements
-Co-ordinate calculations and re-planning of the curve.
- PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1.
SITE ELEVATION WITH OR WITHOUT CONSTRUCTION.
This exercise aims to a make the student aware of the project on the site. A calculation of the area of elevation of the site is made, obtaining definitive unevenness and levels. The height of an existing building is also calculated using topographical methods.
- PRACTICAL EXERCISE 2.
LEVELLING WITH A LEVEL.
The aim is to make a longitudinal profile of a street which needs to be renovated. Therefore a leveller provides us with the altimetrical contour of the points and its elevation.
- PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3.
ELEVATION OF A SQUARE TO BE URBANISED.
This exercise aims to carry out the elevation o fan urbana rea considering alitmetry and planimetry for its urban planning. The contours and uneven levels are studied in order to obtain a contoured map.
- PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4.
RE-PLANNING OF A PROJECT USING TOTAL STATIONS.
The direct application of the different re-planning techniques which the student has developed in the theory classes, where s/he has to use the equipment which is current lye used in topography. Having completed the Construction course, the student should have a wider knowledge of the building process, and can learn how to materialise a real case study using the Total Station.
In this subject, the ability to work in a team and to organise and plan specific work is required.
The first part of the two-hour class is dedicated to the theoretical content and the second part is usually spent solving a case study in groups and then studying the results.
The dossier of these exercises is available at the copying department and the students hand it in at the end of the course.
It is very important to complete the exercise. The students often appear to `understand how it works,´ however in topography the result, and not only the planning or the idea, IS important.
When the student is familiar with the theoretical knowledge (usually alter a month), the practical exercises are started. These are done in groups of 3-4 people and 4 are done throughout the course. The fieldwork is compulsory as it is considered essential in the understanding of the course.
A. EXAMS.
D. HOMEWORK.
EXERCISE BOOK AND COMPLETED PRACTICAL WORK 10% OF THE FINAL MARK (MAXIMUM).
TERM EXAM AT THE END OF THE FIRST TERM 30% OF THE FINAL MARK.
TERM EXAM AT THE END OF THE SECOND TERM 30% OF THE FINAL MARK
TERM EXAM AT THE END OF THE THIRD TERM 30% OF THE FINAL MARK
FM=30%1EXAM+30%2EXAM+30%3EXAM+10%EXERCISE BOOK.
Objective 1: The student must show the ability to:
●Familiarise her/himself with the building plot (whether it is for building or urban planning purposes). The professional who carries out a project or who is in charge of it must have these concepts clear. The most suitable scale for a project or the difference between a contoured map and one with curved levels.
- The student must know the topographic equipment available and what it is used for. What information they provide and how precise they are in order to adapt them to the work in question. For example, a technical architect should know that a tachymeter and two readings, you can calculate the height of a building to a centimetre, or that a level can check the flatness of a foundry to millimetrical precision
- In the first part of the course the general aspects of topography and land are studied - methods to take the student `from the ground to the map.´ This process is also studied inversely. THE RE-PLANNING as an intermediate step between the realisation of the plan and the management of the building work. [A / D].
Objective 2: The student must show the ability to:
- Analysis of problems and the implantation of the project on the building work. Once the student has acquired sufficient knowledge on the first year of the degree, s/he will have to KNOW HOW TO USE the methods available in topography, in urban planning and construction.
- Four complementary practical fieldwork exercises based on the aforementioned theoretical knowledge. [A / D].
Course notes available in the copying department.
García Tejero, Francisco Domínguez. `Topografía General y aplicada.´
Chueca Pazos, M. `Topografía´.
Austin Barry, B. `Topografía aplicada a la construcción´.
Santos Mora, Antonio. `Topografía y Replanteo de obras de Ingeniería´.